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Numerous controlled clinical studies of treatments used by chiropractors have been conducted, with conflicting results.[4] Systematic reviews of this research have not found evidence that chiropractic manipulation is effective, with the possible exception of treatment for back pain.[4] A critical evaluation found that collectively, spinal manipulation was ineffective at treating any condition.[9] Spinal manipulation may be cost-effective for sub-acute or chronic low back pain but the results for acute low back pain were insufficient.[10] The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of maintenance chiropractic care are unknown.[11] There is not sufficient data to establish the safety of chiropractic manipulations.[12] It is frequently associated with mild to moderate adverse effects, with serious or fatal complications in rare cases.[13] There is controversy regarding the degree of risk of vertebral artery dissection, which can lead to stroke and death, from cervical manipulation.[14] Several deaths have been associated with this technique[13] and it has been suggested that the relationship is causative,[15][16] a claim which is disputed by many chiropractors.[16]
Numerous controlled clinical studies of treatments used by chiropractors have been conducted, with conflicting results.[4] Systematic reviews of this research have not found evidence that chiropractic manipulation is effective, with the possible exception of treatment for back pain.[4] A critical evaluation found that collectively, spinal manipulation was ineffective at treating any condition.[9] Spinal manipulation may be cost-effective for sub-acute or chronic low back pain but the results for acute low back pain were insufficient.[10] The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of maintenance chiropractic care are unknown.[11] There is not sufficient data to establish the safety of chiropractic manipulations.[12] It is frequently associated with mild to moderate adverse effects, with serious or fatal complications in rare cases.[13] There is controversy regarding the degree of risk of vertebral artery dissection, which can lead to stroke and death, from cervical manipulation.[14] Several deaths have been associated with this technique[13] and it has been suggested that the relationship is causative,[15][16] a claim which is disputed by many chiropractors.[16]
